Glossary
40 terms, defined plainly
The vocabulary you hit the first time you open a deed and find a trust on it. Each definition stands on its own, so you can link straight to one and skip everything else on the page.
Reading a property record
Parcel
A single unit of land as the county records it, with a boundary, an identifying number, and an owner of record. It is the atom of property data: everything a county knows about a property hangs off its parcel record. Plotbook draws parcel boundaries from Regrid, covering 150M+ US parcels.
APN (assessor's parcel number)
The county assessor's unique identifier for a parcel, sometimes called a parcel number, tax ID, or folio number. Formats vary by county and there is no national standard, which is why looking a property up across county lines is tedious. It is the key you use to pull a specific record from a county portal.
Assessed value
The value a county assessor places on a property for tax purposes. It is not a market appraisal and in many counties it lags or is capped by statute, so it usually understates what a property would sell for. It is public record, it is consistent within a county, and it is what Plotbook's six map color bands encode.
Situs address
The physical street address of the property itself, as distinct from wherever the owner receives mail. On owner-occupied property the two match. When they do not, the difference is itself a signal, and the mailing address becomes the more useful of the two for finding the human.
Mailing address
The address a county sends the tax bill to. On absentee-owned property it points somewhere the owner actually is, which may be another home, an office, a family member, or an accountant. It is one of the most useful fields on a property record and one of the least used.
Owner of record
The name on the deed as the county holds it. It is authoritative about the legal title and says nothing about who lives there, who controls the property, or who benefits from it. When that name is a trust or an LLC, the owner of record is accurate and useless at the same time.
Absentee owner
An owner whose mailing address differs from the property's situs address, meaning they do not live there. Common for second homes, rentals, and investment property. For research it is an opportunity rather than an obstacle: the mailing address is a second, independent place to look for the person.
Deeds, trusts and entities
Deed
The legal instrument that transfers ownership of real property from one party to another, recorded with the county so the transfer is public. A deed names who transferred, who received, and what was transferred. It is the primary evidence of who owns a property and it is a public record in every US state.
Grantor and grantee
The grantor is the party giving up an interest in the property; the grantee is the party receiving it. On a sale the grantor is the seller and the grantee is the buyer. Reading these two fields in order is how you follow a chain of title backwards through time.
Warranty deed
A deed in which the grantor guarantees they hold clear title and will defend it against claims. It is the normal instrument in an arm's length sale, so its presence suggests a real market transaction rather than a transfer between related parties.
Quitclaim deed
A deed transferring whatever interest the grantor has, with no guarantee that they have any. Common between family members, into and out of trusts, and in divorces. A quitclaim into an entity with a similar name to the owner usually indicates estate planning rather than a sale.
Land trust
A trust arrangement holding title to real property, often with the beneficiary's identity kept off the public record. Widely used for privacy and estate planning. The recorded owner is the trust or its trustee, so the deed is true, complete, and gives you no person to contact.
Trustee
The party holding legal title to trust property and administering it. A trustee may be the beneficiary, a family member, a lawyer, or a corporate trust company. Treating a trustee as the owner is the single most common error in property research, because a professional trustee is frequently unrelated to the wealth involved.
Beneficial owner
The person who actually benefits from an asset, as opposed to whoever holds legal title. With a trust or an LLC, the recorded owner and the beneficial owner are usually different, and the beneficial owner is the one worth identifying. Finding them is the object of entity piercing.
Registered agent
The person or company designated to receive legal documents on behalf of an entity. Commercial registered agents serve thousands of unrelated entities, so an agent's name on a filing tells you nothing about ownership. Reporting one as the owner of a property is a failure mode worth knowing about, because plenty of tools do it.
Anonymity state
A state whose business filings do not require members or managers to be named publicly, so an LLC registered there can be genuinely opaque. Wyoming, Delaware, New Mexico and Nevada are the ones that matter in practice. Property held through an entity in one of these states often cannot be resolved from registry data alone.
How Plotbook's research works
Entity piercing
Working from an entity named on a deed, such as an LLC, trust, corporation or estate, to the human being behind it. It combines business registry filings, county records, and open-web research, and it is the step that turns an unusable owner-of-record into a person you can actually approach.
Resolution tier
The label Plotbook puts on how far a research run actually got: FULL, IDENTIFIED, ENTITY_ONLY, or NONE. It exists so an unresolved entity is reported as unresolved rather than filled in with a plausible guess. ENTITY_ONLY and NONE outcomes are not charged.
Disambiguation gate
A required check before the research names anybody: at least one independent corroboration on city, age, address, or employer. It is what stops a common name from being resolved to the wrong person, which is the characteristic failure of automated identity research and the one that embarrasses you in front of a prospect.
Mailing-address pivot
Running a second lookup against the tax-bill mailing address when a property is absentee-owned, rather than only against the property itself. If the owner does not live at the property, the mailing address is where they are, and searching only the situs address misses them entirely.
Owner Lookup
Plotbook's instant reverse lookup on a residential address, run from the map drawer. It queries licensed residential records and returns the people associated with that address. It costs 15 credits and returns immediately, which makes it the fast path when a deed already names a person.
AI Owner Research
Plotbook's deep research run, used when a deed names an entity or when a person needs a full picture. It classifies the owner type, works the matching playbook across registries, county records and the open web, and returns a named person with contacts and a wealth estimate. It costs 25 credits and is charged only when it succeeds.
Four-band wealth estimate
Plotbook's wealth output: net worth, income, investible assets, and total assets, each given as a minimum and maximum range rather than a single figure, and each carrying a confidence level. It is an AI-generated estimate informed by property data and research findings, not a statement of anyone's actual finances.
Confidence score
A 0 to 100 score on a researched profile reflecting how well corroborated the identification is, with the wealth estimate carrying its own separate high, medium or low rating. A low score is information rather than a defect: it tells you how much weight the record can bear before you act on it.
HNW hotspot
One of 232 US ZIP codes Plotbook has hand-curated as high-net-worth and shows as a heatmap for orientation at country zoom. The list is curated rather than computed, and the markers indicate the ZIP code's reputation, not any individual household's wealth within it.
AI, and what it can and cannot do
Hallucination
A confident, fluent statement from a language model that no source it read actually supports. It looks identical to a correct answer, which is what makes it dangerous in research: the failure is rarely an obvious error, it is a plausible name, date or figure that nobody supplied. Plotbook's countermeasures are its disambiguation gate and its resolution tiers.
Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG)
An architecture that fetches documents from a source and puts them in front of a language model before it answers, so the answer is grounded in retrieved text rather than in training data alone. It reduces invention without removing it, because a model can still misread a passage or fill the gaps between two of them.
Context window
The maximum amount of text a language model can hold in view at once, counted in tokens and covering the instructions, any documents supplied, and the conversation so far. When a task exceeds it something is dropped, usually the earliest material, and the model gives no signal that it stopped seeing it.
Agent skill
A reusable bundle of instructions, and sometimes scripts or reference files, that an AI agent loads when it meets a task the bundle covers. It packages a procedure once instead of re-explaining it in every prompt. The term is new enough that vendors define it differently, so check what a given product means by it.
Plotbook neither publishes nor runs agent skills. Its research agent is a fixed loop over a defined set of tools and per-entity playbooks, not an extensible system you can add your own procedures to.
AI notetaker
Software that joins or records a client meeting, transcribes it, and drafts a summary, a follow-up email, or a CRM note from the transcript. Everything it produces starts from a meeting that already happened, which is what separates the category from anything that helps you find someone worth meeting.
Plotbook does no recording, transcription, meeting capture, or note drafting of any kind. It works upstream of the meeting, from a property record rather than from a conversation.
Prompt injection
An attack in which instructions hidden inside content a model reads, a web page, a document, an email, get followed as though the user had issued them. Any tool that lets a model read untrusted text carries this exposure, and the general defence is to treat everything fetched as data rather than as instructions.
Human-in-the-loop review
The design rule that an AI system's output is evidence for a person to judge rather than an action the system takes by itself. It is the standing answer to every term above it, and it is why a Plotbook research run ends at a profile with its sources shown: there is no sending, dialing or sequencing, so nothing it produces reaches anybody unless a person decides it should.
Metering and plans
Credit
Plotbook's metering unit. Every priced action has a fixed credit cost: 1 for a parcel Plotbook has not seen before, 15 for a reverse address lookup, 25 for a full research run, 10 to save a profile, and 5 to export to CSV. Browsing the map costs nothing on any plan.
Charge on success
Plotbook's rule for research runs: credits are deducted only when a run actually resolves. Failures, cancellations, and no-result outcomes are not billed, and institutional owners such as banks, government bodies, HOAs and REITs are detected and skipped without charge.
State licensing
Plotbook licenses property data by state, so each plan includes a set number of states: one on Starter, two on Professional, five on Enterprise. Additional states are $49 per month each. You choose which states, and coverage is US only.
Free trial
Plotbook's trial runs 7 days with 100 credits. It takes a card at signup through Stripe and converts to a paid subscription on day 8 unless cancelled. The free tools on this site are separate and need no account or card at all.
The wider category
Skip tracing
Appending contact details to a name and address, usually in bulk and usually for pennies per record. It answers how to reach someone. It does not answer who they are, what they do, or what they are worth, and it makes no attempt to resolve an entity to a person.
Plotbook does not sell skip tracing and its per-record economics are far worse than a skip tracing tool's. For bulk contact appending, a property platform such as PropStream or Propwire is the correct purchase.
Wealth screening
Taking a list of people you already have, typically donors or clients, and scoring them for capacity to give or invest. It is the dominant model in nonprofit prospect research and enterprise wealth data, and it starts from a name. It cannot tell you about anyone who is not already on your list.
Money in motion
A trigger event suggesting assets are about to move: a business sale, an IPO, an inheritance, a job change, a divorce. Several advisor prospecting tools are built entirely around detecting these. It is a timing signal about a person you can already identify, which is a different question from who owns a given property.
Plotbook has no trigger event detection, no alerts, and no monitoring of any kind. It answers who owns the wealth in a geography, not when someone's circumstances changed.
Territory (or farm)
The geography a professional works deliberately and repeatedly: a set of ZIP codes, a suburb, a school catchment. Long-standing practice in real estate and increasingly in advice, because working one area systematically compounds local recognition in a way that buying leads never does.
A note on accuracy
Recording practice varies by county
There are over 3,000 recording jurisdictions in the United States and they do not agree on terminology, formats, or what gets published. These definitions describe the general case. Your county may use a different word for the same thing, or the same word for something slightly different. None of this is legal advice, and if a definition here is wrong or misleading, write to us and we will correct it.
Now go read an actual deed
The free deed reader takes a recorded ownership record and tells you what each field means and whether the owner is a person or an entity. No account, no card.
New subscribers start with 7 days and 100 credits. We email you before the trial ends.